A Sustainable Process for the Valorization of Spent Pickling Acid by Recovering Iron and Chloride as Value-Added Chemicals

A sustainable waste-to-wealth technology that converts hazardous spent pickling acid generated by steel industries into valuable products such as nano-sized iron oxide and ammonium chloride, enabling resource recovery, waste minimization, and circular economy implementation.

• Recovery of nano-sized iron oxide from spent pickling acid.
• Recovery of chloride as ammonium chloride for industrial applications.
• Treatment and valorization of hazardous waste streams generated by steel processing industries.
• Supports circular economy and sustainable resource utilization.
• Reduces environmental burden associated with disposal of spent pickling acid.
• Production of value-added chemicals from industrial waste.

• Converts hazardous industrial waste into commercially valuable products.
• Enables recovery of nano-sized iron oxide and ammonium chloride.
• Supports waste-to-wealth and circular economy initiatives.
• Reduces disposal requirements and associated environmental impacts.
• Potentially cost-effective route for resource recovery.
• Applicable to steel processing and metal finishing industries.
• Contributes towards sustainable industrial waste management.