Modular Greywater Treatment & Reuse Unit for Homes

The CSIR-NIIST modular wetland technology provides a compact, decentralized, and energy-free solution for treating household greywater and converting it into reuse-quality water. It enables significant freshwater savings by promoting onsite reuse for gardening and non-potable applications, while also ensuring groundwater protection by preventing untreated discharge. The system features low land requirement, minimal maintenance, and no power demand, making it ideal for individual households. Using innovative coir-based media and plant–microbial synergy, it delivers high treatment efficiency, transforming greywater into a safe, sustainable resource for climate-resilient water management.

The NIIST modular engineered wetland technology is designed for household-level greywater treatment and reuse, making it ideal for individual homes, apartments, and rural or peri-urban settings. It can be applied for garden irrigation, landscaping, groundwater recharge, toilet flushing, and cleaning purposes, reducing dependence on freshwater sources. The system is particularly suitable for water-scarce regions and high groundwater table areas like islands and coastal villages, where safe disposal is critical. Its compact, scalable, and low-maintenance design allows easy integration into existing households, promoting sustainable sanitation and decentralized water management.

The modular engineered wetland system offers compact design with minimal land requirement, making it suitable for individual households. It operates with no or very low energy demand (gravity-based), ensuring cost efficiency. The system provides high treatment efficiency (80–90% COD removal) and produces reuse-quality water. It supports freshwater conservation and groundwater protection by preventing untreated discharge. Use of locally available coir fibre enhances sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, it has low maintenance, no odour or mosquito issues, and offers aesthetic value with plant integration, making it user-friendly and environmentally sustainable.